PH of gastric juice and tooth decay start

  PH of gastric juice and tooth decay start

 A healthy mouth is having a neutral pH.

To keep your teeth healthy, you must keep oral acidity to a minimum pH level.

Teeth can actually become stronger and remineralize when the mouth has a pH of 7.5 or above.

The pH scale goes from 1 to 14, with a pH of 1 being the most acidic, and 14 being the most alkaline. A pH of 7 is neutral .

 At a pH of 5.5 the teeth begins to demineralize, causing caries or tooth decay. It indicates an oxygen-deprived environment, which puts our teeth at risk for demineralization and cavities.

The amount of time that acids are in contact with teeth that determines how much damage occurs.

Xerostomia or gastroesophageal reflux disease can also cause acidity in the oral cavity.

by,

Dr.Renju T George,

India.

Tubarial Gland

 Scientists have discovered a new salivary glands , deep in the upper part of the throat called Tubarial glands.

Because of their location over a piece of cartilage called the torus tubarius, the discoverers of these new glands named it tubarial glands.

This nasopharynx region, just behind the nose has microscopic, diffuse, salivary glands; the newly discovered are about 1.5 inches (3.9 centimeters) in length on an average.

The human salivary gland system can be divided into two separate groups: major and minor glands.

The major salivary glands are parotid, submandibular, and sublingual glands.

 The minor glands are distributed in groups of hundreds in the upper aero digestive tract mucosa.

These glands produce the saliva required for mastication, swallowing, digestion, tasting and dental hygiene.

 The glands probably lubricate and moisten the upper throat behind the nose and mouth, the researchers wrote  in the journal Radiotherapy and Oncology.

The discovery could be important for cancer treatment. Doctors using radiation on the head and neck to treat cancer try to avoid irradiating the salivary glands.

by,

Dr.Renju T George,

India.

Amoxicillin

  Amoxicillin

Generic Name: Amoxicillin

Amoxicillin is a penicillin antibiotic that fights against bacteria. 

It works by stopping the growth of bacteria.

 It is an amino-penicillin, created by adding an extra amino group to penicillin, to battle antimicrobial resistance.

 Amoxicillin covers a wide variety of gram-positive bacteria, with some added gram-negative coverage compared to penicillin. 

Similar to penicillin, it covers most Streptococcus species and has improved coverage of Listeria monocytogenes and Enterococcus sp. It also has coverage over Haemophilus influenzae, some Escherichia coli,  Actinomyces sp., Clostridium species, Salmonella sp., Shigella sp., and Corynebacteria sp. 

Amoxicillin is also used with other medications to treat stomach/intestinal ulcers caused by the bacteria H. pylori and to prevent the ulcers from returning.

Amoxicillin will not treat a viral infection such as the common cold or flu.

Using any antibiotic when it is not needed can cause it to not work for future infections.

Before taking this medicine

You should not use amoxicillin if you are allergic to any penicillin antibiotic, such as ampicillin, dicloxacillin, oxacillin, penicillin, or ticarcillin.

Amoxicillin can make birth control pills less effective.

Your symptoms may improve before the infection is completely cleared. 

 Do not share this medication with another person, even if they have the same symptoms you have.

Antibiotic medicines can cause diarrhoea.

To make sure this medicine is safe for you, tell your doctor if you have:

• kidney disease;
• mononucleosis (also called "mono");
• diarrhoea caused by taking antibiotics; or
• food or drug allergies

How should I take amoxicillin?

Take amoxicillin exactly as prescribed by your doctor. Follow all directions on your prescription label and read all medication guides or instruction sheets.

Take this medication by mouth with or without food as directed by your doctor, usually every 8 or 12 hours. The dosage is based on your medical condition and response to treatment.

Drink plenty of fluids while using this medication unless your doctor tells you otherwise.

For the best effect, take this antibiotic at evenly spaced times. To help you remember, take this medication at the same time(s) every day.

Continue to take this medication until the full prescribed amount is finished, even if symptoms disappear after a few days. Stopping the medication too early may allow bacteria to continue to grow, which may result in a return of the infection.

Tell your doctor if your condition persists or worsens.

Shake the oral suspension (liquid) before you measure a dose.

Measure liquid medicine with the dosing syringe provided, or use a medicine dose-measuring device (not a kitchen spoon). You may mix the liquid with water, milk, baby formula, fruit juice. 

You may store liquid amoxicillin in a refrigerator but do not allow it to freeze. Throw away any liquid medicine that is not used within 14 days after it was mixed at the pharmacy.

It is important to note that it is excreted by in the majority of people by the kidney, and some renal adjustment and extra caution may be necessary for renal insufficiency. It is reported to be partially dialysable, and therefore, immediate-release tablets can be an option for dosing after hemodialysis. There are no guidelines for hepatic dosing or geriatric dosing. It was a pregnancy category B drug under the old FDA classification system, which means there have been no studies demonstrating clear risk. It has also been reported to get excreted in breast milk.

by,

Dr.Renju T George,

India.

Clay pots benefits

 Cooking in a clay pot is much better than cooking in a normal utensil, not just for its various health benefits, but also makes it much simpler to cook and improves the quality of the food .

Clay is a porous material which, when saturated with water and heated on the gas stove, provides slow evaporation of steam from the pores. This creates a moist enclosed environment that results in increased flavor and healthier foods.

It seals all the nutrients inside the pot by locking steam in. Because of the lid, the steam cannot escape the pot and is directed back into the food which eliminates the loss of water-soluble nutrients.

Thus, cooking in clay pots requires lesser amounts of liquids. 

Clay pots are alkaline in pH. It acts with the acidity in the food ,and neutralizes ,making it healthier.

The slow cooking in the clay pots allow the moisture and heat to properly circulate in the food. This retains the nutritional value. Cooking in a metal utensils tends to get lost its nutritional value.

The oil consumption in a earthen pots tends to be low. It retains the oil in the food.

Clay pots add many nutrients like calcium, phosphorous, iron ,magnesium, sulfur to food.

The aroma that your food will have after being cooked in an earthen pot is unbeatable.

Clay pots are affordable.

by,

Dr.Renju T George,

India.

Facial exercises for a perfect smile

 

Facial exercises for a perfect smile

Smile exercises

Simple and straightforward, this exercise in smiling practice improves the facial muscles that control your smile, which will give you greater control over your happy expressions. Start by sitting or standing in front of a mirror, whichever is more comfortable, with your face and lips in a relaxed state.

1. Stretch both the corners of your mouth laterally (to the sides) while keeping your lips together; hold for 10 seconds.
2. Expand the lateral stretch and part your lips to expose the edge of your teeth; hold  it for 10 seconds.
3. Stretch more towards laterally and expose about half of your teeth; hold it for 10 seconds.
4. Smile wide and hard as you can, with all teeth to be shown; hold it  for 10 seconds.
5. Repeat steps 3, 2, and 1 to reverse the smile gradually.

For additional exercise, you can go through all of the above steps, using your index fingers to stretch the corners of your mouth and create the different smiles.

The silly rabbit

In this exercise, you’ll tone your cheek muscles while increasing the flexibility and control of your smile. You may or may not look in a mirror while performing this exercise. Here are the steps for this face exercise:

1. Smile as wide as you can, without opening your lips. Try for an ear-to-ear grin.
2. Wiggle your nose like a rabbit until you feel your cheek muscles engage with the smile.
3. Hold the pose for 5 seconds.
4. Repeat steps 1,2, 3 for 10 times 

The facelift exercise

One particular facial muscle, the quadratus labiisuperioris, is essential for maintaining a youthful appearance. Developing this muscle helps to prevent facial sagging and ensure resiliency. Below are two exercises to help utilize this muscle to your advantage.

1. With your mouth slightly open and the upper lip relaxed, flare out your nostrils and wrinkle the nose with an exaggerated motion.
2. Pull up the upper lip and hold for a count of 10. Slowly release.
3. Repeat steps 1 and 2, for 10 times.

The smile line eraser

With this exercise, you can work at reducing the appearance of fine lines around your mouth, makes you look younger and gives you more natural smile. In yoga, this exercise is referred to as the fish pose. Here’s how to do it:

1. Pucker up: purse your lips as dramatically as possible by sucking in your cheeks and rolling your lips out.
2. Attempt to smile while you’re puckering.
3. Hold this pose until there’s a mild aching sensation in the muscles around your mouth, then release. This exercise should be done only once a day, in order to avoid straining the muscles of your face.

The Smile Wide technique

This exercise is relatively a huge part of our daily lives. But the trick here is, that you smile wide, for about 15 seconds, hold that smile and repeat this over 10 times. Not only will this cause a stretch and strain in your cheek muscles, but will also increasingly make you feel happier than before. And slowly, it would become a habit, smiling off at things that make you feel in a certain way.

It needs more  time and devotion. Without it, these smiling exercises will make no difference to your facial structure. Incorporate these facelift exercises to your daily health routine, devoting at least 30 minutes just to it. In a few months, you will start showcasing the results.

 The biggest enemy of your skin loosening up or stress showing on your face is just unhappiness. The facelift exercises and happiness, work hand in hand, simultaneously.

TMJ Disorders

 TMJ Disorders

According to the American Academy Of Orofacial Pain, TMJ Disorder is defined as a collective term that encompasses a number of clinical problems that involves the masticatory muscles, or the joint itself or both.

CLASSIFICATION

Articular disorders (intra-articular)

Congenital or developmental disorders

·            Condylar hyperplasia

·            First and second brachial arch disorders

·            Idiopathic condylar resorption

Degenerative joint disorders

·          Inflammatory: capsulitis, synovitis, polyarthritides (rheumatoid arthritis, psoriatic arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, Reiter syndrome, gout)

·          Non-inflammatory: osteoarthritis

Disk derangement disorders

·         Displacement with reduction

·         Displacement without reduction (closed lock)

·          Perforation

Infection

Neoplasia

Temporomandibular hypermobility

·         Dislocation

·         Joint laxity

·         Subluxation

Temporomandibular hypomobility

·         Ankylosis: true ankylosis (bony or fibrous) or pseudoankylosis

·         Postradiation fibrosis

·         Trismus

Trauma

·         Contusion

·         Fracture

·         Intracapsular hemorrhage

Masticatory muscle disorders (extra-articular)

·         Local myalgia

·         Myofascial pain disorder

·         Myofibrotic contracture

·         Myositis

·         Myospasm

·         Neoplasia

DIAGNOSIS

·         Always take a good history from the patient

·         location

·         onset

·         frequency and duration

·         intensity ( 0-10)

·         quality

·         modifying factors

·         other associated symptoms

Criteria for Intracapsular Disorders

Disc displacement with reduction

·         patient reports clicking/popping/snapping while opening or closing /excursions

·         - verify in physical examination

·         may or may not be painful.

·         pain if present occurs with jaw function-verify in physical examination

Disc displacement without reduction with limited mouth opening

·         No current report of joint sounds

·         mouth opening <= 40mm

·         typically painful

·         pain occurs with jaw function -verify in physical examination

Criteria for Extra Capsular Disorders

·         Pain from muscle origin-complains of pain in front of the ear, jaw , temple

·         Pain changes during jaw function.

·         examination shows

·         verification of pain site in palpation

·         radiating pain

CENTRAL MEDIATED MYALGIA

·         REPORTS widespread pain

·         Examination will shows

·         verification of familiar pain sites

·         involves most of the masticatory and cervical muscles

·         patient may or may not withdraw from your hands

·         when you palpate pain may not come

Treatment

·         Education

·         conservative treatment

·         sleep hygiene instruction

·         appliances

·         trigger point injections

·         medicines

·         INTERDISCIPLINARY CARE 

                                       WITH BEHAVIOURAL THERAPY, 

PHYSICAL THERAPY, SURGERY.

by,

Dr.Renju T George,

India.